Malaga is a Spanish city, capital of the homonymous province which is part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is located on the western edge of the Mediterranean Sea and south of the Iberian Peninsula, about 100 km east of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The township covers an area of ??395 km ² which extend over the Montes de Malaga and the Guadalhorce Valley. The city is located in the center of a bay surrounded by mountain ranges. Two rivers, the Guadalhorce Guadalmedina and the cross flowing into the Mediterranean.
With about 600,000 inhabitants according to 2009 census, Málaga is the sixth largest city in Spain by population, the second of Andalusia and the number forty-six Europea.4 Union is also the most densely populated urban area of ??the conurbation formed by the group of localities that lie along 160 km of the Costa del Sol5 6 and the center of a metropolitan area spanning beyond its municipal boundaries other 12 municipalities totaling 987,813 registered inhabitants, although it is estimated that in Malaga City and its metropolitan area is home to over 1 million people.7 8
Founded by the Phoenicians in the eighth century C., Malaga was a first federated municipality after the Roman Empire Roman law, and a flourishing Andalusian medina four times the capital of his kingdom, which fell after joining the Crown of Castile in 1487. During the nineteenth century the city experienced a remarkable and revolutionary industrial activity which placed it as the first industrial city in Spain and earned him the title “Always intrepid” and “The first in danger of liberty.” Stage one of the bloodiest episodes of the Spanish Civil War and star of the explosion of the tourist boom of the 1960 and 1970, Malaga is now a significant economic and cultural center at a regional and a major communications hub by its port, airport and high-speed rail station.
History of Spanish Cinema
As the authors of the book in a hundred movies Spanish Cinema (2002), Miguel Angel Gil Delgado and Fernando Barroso, “the history of Spanish cinema is part of twentieth century history and not a mere” cultural ornament “… the chronology of our film is part of the history of our country. ” In fact the film is a mirror of society and RealD of the time it was done.
[Edit] Beginnings
The first film shows in Spain took place in the festival of San Isidro, 1896 in Madrid, Carrera de San Jerónimo, 32, by Animatógrafo, also known as Teatrograph system and derived from Edison’s Kinetoscope, as amended by the Englishman Robert William Paul and commissioned in May 1895. The premiere of this first Spanish exhibition was made May 11, 1896 at the circus Parish of King’s Square, in the gardens of the House of Seven Chimneys. Only two days later (May 13th) come Lumière Cinematograph images, bringing Alexandre Promio.1
The first Spanish film was out of the mass of twelve of the Church of Pilar de Zaragoza, shot by Eduardo Jimeno Correas, who with his father Eduardo Jimeno Peromarta particular, who first seized Lumière apparatus, acquired in June 1896 in the very fabric of the Lumière in Lyon. With this camera shot in the Fiestas del Pilar 1896 (Sunday October 11 to Sunday October 18) two films, the output Greetings Misa del Pilar, in the two consecutive Sundays. This was the first film produced and shot by a Spanish because Lumière operators, such as Francis Doublier, had already shot in Spain, in late 1895, a run toros.2
Later, in April 1896, the French cameraman Alexandre Promio filmed in Madrid, views of the Puerta del Sol and Barcelona, ??Plaza of the port in Barcelona. Also filmed anonymously Arrival of a Train Segorbe.2 Teruel
The first movie with a plot was in a cafe Quarrel (1897), the prolific photographer and director Fructuós Barcelona Gelabert.
The first internationally successful Spanish director was Chomón Second, who worked in France and Italy.
[Edit] The rise of silent film
In 1914, Barcelona is the center of the country’s film industry. It starts the prevalence of so-called ‘Spanish’, which exaggerated the Spanish character, and that lasted until the 1980′s. Florian highlights King starring Imperio Argentina and Ricardo Núñez and the first version of Nobility baturro (1925). Also made historical dramas such as Life of Christopher Columbus and his discovery of America (1917), Gerard Bourgeois French adaptations of serials such as The Mysteries of Barcelona (1916) by Joan Maria Codina, plays, like Don Juan Tenorio , Ricardo Baños, and operettas. The same Jacinto Benavente, who say that “I pay at the cinema waste,” filmed versions of his plays.
In 1928, Ernesto Giménez Caballero and Luis Beluga founded in Madrid the first film club. By then, Madrid and was the first industrial film, with 144 of the 28 existing titles. That same year, Francisco Elias Riquelme wheel The mystery of the Puerta del Sol, the first sound film in Spanish cinema.
The rural drama The village santa (1929) Florian Rey becomes a hit in Paris, where, at the same time, Buñuel and Dali’s Un Chien Andalou premiered.
[Edit] The crisis of talking pictures and film of the Second Republic
Cabeza de Luis Buñuel, Iñaki sculptor, Center Calanda Buñuel.
In 1931, the arrival of foreign productions sinks with sound domestic production, which is reduced to a single title.
The following year, Manuel Casanova founded the Spanish Film Industrial Company SA (CIFESA), the largest producer I’ve ever had the country and regarded as right. 6 movies are filmed, including Luis Buñuel’s first film in Spain, a documentary, The Hurdes, land without bread.
In 1933 he had already shot 17 films, and in 1934, 21, among which is the blockbuster La verbena de la Paloma (1935) by Benito Perojo.
The production of films would be ascending to 37 films made in 1935. During these years, producing consolidated and movie directors won a significant popular acceptance, as Benito Perojo, to whom we owe the black who had a white soul (1934) and La verbena de la Paloma (1935), or that Florian Rey overall direction of Sister San Sulpicio (1934), Nobility baturro (1935) and Morena Clara (1936). This could have been the beginning of the consolidation of the Spanish film industry, but the Civil War began promising aborted film successes of the Second Republic.
[Edit] The war and postwar
Since 1936, the two sides began to use film as propaganda. In Franco’s side, it would create the National Department of Cinematography. At the end of civil war, many film professionals march into exile.
In the new regime is established and imposed censorship compulsory Castilian dub all movies released in the country. Directors stand out as Ignacio F. Iquino, Rafael Gil (light footprint, 1941), Juan de Orduña (Madness of Love, 1948), Arturo Román, José Luis Sáenz de Heredia (Raza, 1942, with a script by Franco) and, above all, Edgar Neville (The tower of seven humpback, 1944). You can also highlight Fedra (1956) by Manuel Mur Oti.
CIFESA is imposed as the most cost-effective production time, which features characters inspired by events of historical significance or obtain the consent of the authorities and often public support.
In the fifties born two major film festivals in Spain: September 21, 1953 Film Festival comes to San Sebastian without suffering any interruption ever since, and in 1956 takes place the first International Film Festival of Valladolid Seminci.
For its part, Miracle of Marcelino (1955) of Ladislaus Vajda spark a fashion child actors, which form part of the highly successful films starring Joselito, Marisol, Rocio Durcal and Pili and Mili.
But in the fifties and sixties, the film is not limited to filming featuring child prodigies, the influence of neorealism was evident in new directors such as Antonio del Amo, José Antonio Nieves Conde with his most prominent film Grooves (1951), John Antonio Bardem with Death of a Cyclist (1955) and Main Street (1956), Marco Ferreri with Boys (1958), The Little Flat (1959) and the buggy (1960), and Luis García Berlanga with Bienvenido, Mister Marshall (1952) , Calabuch (1956), On Thursday, Miracle (1957) and, especially, Placido (1961) and The Executioner (1963). In many of them involving what is perhaps the most important writer of the history of Spanish cinema, Rafael Azcona. In discussions of Salamanca, Bardem summarize the post-war film in a manifesto that would become famous for their toughness: “The current Spanish cinema is politically ineffective, socially false, intellectually negligible, aesthetically and industrially paltry void.”
Juan de Orduña get a resounding commercial success with the last couplet, from 1957, starring Sara Montiel.
Buñuel would return occasionally to Spain to film Viridiana (1961) and Tristana (1970), based on the novel by Benito Pérez Galdós, starring Catherine Deneuve and Fernando Rey. Both films, especially the first, caused a scandal in the context of repression of the Franco dictatorship.
[Edit] The new Spanish cinema
In 1962, José María García Escudero reoccupied the Film Department, boosting state aid and the Official Film School, which would leave the majority of new directors, usually leftist and opposed to the Franco dictatorship. Among these are Mario Camus (Young Sánchez, 1964), Miguel Picazo (Aunt Tula, 1964) Francisco Regueiro (Good Love, 1963) Manuel Summers (from pink to yellow, 1963) and, especially, Carlos Saura ( Hunting, 1965). Oblivious to this current, Fernando Fernan Gomez would make the classic The Strange Trip (1964). Jaime came television Ermine, author of My dear Miss (1971) and Jo, Dad (1975), both with huge box office success. In the so-called “School of Barcelona”, originally more experimental and cosmopolitan include Vicente Aranda, Jaime Camino or Gonzalo Suarez, who would perform his most important works in the decade of 80.